Abstract
This paper provides a detailed insight into the Hebrew cantillation system, known as Ta’amei HaMiqra, an ancient system of musical notation that accompanies the sacred texts of the Tanakh (Old Testament). Hebrew cantillation plays a crucial role in ensuring the correct intonation of sacred texts, serving both musical and grammatical functions to indicate the proper punctuation and phrasing of the text. The study analyses the origin and evolution of this system, preserved to this day, as well as its impact on Jewish religious practice. In a broader context, the research explores how the ritual reading of the Torah was established in the Jewish tradition and how it later influenced other religious traditions, such as Christianity and Islam. From a methodological standpoint, the paper employs a historical and comparative approach, examining biblical sources, medieval manuscripts, and the oral traditions of various Jewish communities. The main cantillation traditions are analysed, including those of Ashkenazi and Sephardic Jews, as well as those of communities from the Middle East and North Africa, each with its specific peculiarities.
The study emphasizes the importance of the Masoretic system in codifying the musical notation used today, highlighting the complex structure of the cantillation marks (teamim). Also discussed are the limitations of the research, due to the loss of oral traditions and the challenges in reconstructing certain ancient musical interpretations. The current state of research indicates a continuity of these practices in Jewish communities, but also influences on Western religious music, including the emergence of neumes in Gregorian notation. This study contributes to a better understanding of a unique musical tradition, with both religious and musicological implications.

Keywords: Hebrew cantillation, Ta’amei HaMiqra, teamim, Masoretic tradition, biblical musical notation

DOI: 10.47809/MP.2025.40.01.04

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